Local JPEG Grid Detector via Blocking Artifacts, a Forgery Detection Tool

Tina Nikoukhah (1) , Miguel Colom (1) , Jean-Michel Morel (1) , Rafael Grompone von Gioi (1)

1 CB - CB - Centre Borelli - UMR 9010

Image JPEG compression leaves blocking artifact traces. This paper describes an algorithm that exploits those traces to locally recover the grid embedded in the image by the JPEG compression. The algorithm returns a list of grids associated with different parts of the image. The method uses Chen and Hsu's cross-difference to reveal the artifacts. Then, an a contrario validation step according to Desolneux, Moisan and Morel's theory delivers for each detected grid a Number of False Alarms (NFA) which tells how unlikely it is that the detection is due to chance. The only parameter is the step size of the windows used, which represents the exhaustiveness of the method. The application to image forgery detection is twofold: first, the presence of discrepant JPEG grids with low NFA is a strong forgery cue; second, knowledge of the grid is anyway required for further JPEG forensic analysis. Source Code The reviewed source code and documentation for this algorithm are available from the web page of this article 1. Compilation and usage instruction are included in the README.txt file of the archive.

Mots clés: JPEG compression; blocking artifact analysis; a contrario method; forgery detection; JPEG compression

Domaines: Traitement des images [eess.IV]

Tina Nikoukhah, Miguel Colom, Jean-Michel Morel, Rafael Grompone von Gioi. Local JPEG Grid Detector via Blocking Artifacts, a Forgery Detection Tool. Image Processing On Line, 2020, 10, pp.24-42. ⟨10.5201/ipol.2020.283⟩. ⟨hal-03858165⟩